Amal Oil Field (Redevelopment), Libya, Commercial Asset Valuation and Forecast to 2017 now available at ReportsandReports

Amal Field - Block NC12 (area 90/91) is located in the eastern part of the Sirte basin and is around 50km north of the Augila oasis in Libya. The latitude and the longitude of the field are 29° 25' 0 N and 21° 10' 0 E. Amal is an onshore field that extends to more than 100,000 acres. The field includes eight different reservoirs and is at a depth ranging from 2,300 to 12,000 feet below the surface. PetroCanada (now Suncor Energy, August 2009) is the operator of the field. The field produces around one-third of Libya's total oil production.

The field is owned by Harouge Oil Operations (previously Veba Oil Operations) that is a joint venture between National Oil Corporation (NOC), Libya and Petro-Canada. Both the partners have an equal stake of 50% in the venture. Petro-Canada entered into agreement in 2007 with NOC for the redevelopment of the field that included pipeline and facility upgrades, development drilling and other expansion.

The oil produced at the field has an API ranging between 36° to 38°and has a high wax content. The sulfur content in the oil is estimated to be around 0.45%.

The field had estimated recoverable reserves of approximately 4.2 billion barrels when it was discovered in 1959. The estimated remaining reserves of the field in 2010 are estimated to be around 57.44 million barrels. The current production of oil from the field is around 9.36 million barrels. The oil production from the field is likely to decline at a natural rate of 7-8% annually.

The life of the field after redevelopment (2007) is expected to be around 10-11 years with complete abandonment by 2017. During its remaining life the field is expected to generate revenues of $4.62 billion (undiscounted, starting January 2010).

Scope

• The report provides detailed information on oil and gas production, infrastructure, reserves, geology, operator and equity partners and the latest fiscal terms applicable to the asset and provides its fair value (Remaining Net Present Value) based on remaining reserves, forecast production, capital and operational costs, fiscal regime and commodity prices.
• The report also provides additional valuation parameters like Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), Pay Back (discounted and undiscounted), Entitlement Production (EP) and Working Interest (WI) to enhance your decision making process.
• This report provides detailed sensitivity analysis of the remaining NPV with changes in the commodity prices, discount rate, production and key fiscal terms.
• Detailed cash flows over the life of the asset are included in the report. These cash flows cover a wide range of calculations related to various payments to the government/licensing authority.
• Interactive Excel models can be used to derive custom valuations, sensitivities and cash flows based on the specific inputs by the user in the model. These custom inputs vary from production data, cost information, price information and fiscal terms information.

Reasons to buy

• Make well informed investment decisions based on detailed operational analysis and cash flow forecasts
• Estimate the fair value of your future investment under different economic and fiscal conditions
• Value a prospective investment target through a comprehensive analysis using focused forecasting and valuation methodologies.
• Supporting interactive excel model will enhance your decision making capability in a more rapid and time sensitive manner
• Evaluate how the changes in the country's fiscal policies impact the cash flows and the present value of the asset

Source: http://www.reportsandreports.com/  , Blog: http://reportsnreports.wordpress.com/   , Retrieved from "http://www .articlesbase. com/small- business- articles/ amal-oil-field- redevelopment-libya-commercial-asset-valuation-and-forecast-to-2017-now-available-at-reportsandreports-3214126.html" (ArticlesBase SC #3214126)

Geothermal Energy Facts: Geothermal Energy Pros and Cons

There is much talk about climate change, and the search for viable renewable energy sources. Everyone knows about the likes of solar, wind and wave power. But fewer have heard of geothermal, or know how does geothermal energy work. So here are some geothermal energy facts, which may help you understand the benefits and restrictions of geothermal energy.

How Does Geothermal Energy Work

The principle of this form of energy is quite simple. The ground beneath our feet gets heated by the sun on a daily basis. However, it is also a great insulator, and so retains a vast amount of this heat as stored energy. The idea is that pipes are run through a fairly large area of ground several feet down, where the temperature is more constant. Then, water is passed through the pipes, heating it.

The primary use for this type of energy is heating, as a regulated temperature can be achieved constantly with little variation dependent on time of year. It can also be used over larger areas to provide hot water, but this needs more time in the ground so more pipework and a greater area.

Geothermal Energy Pros and Cons

The advantages of geothermal energy are that once the initial investment is paid for, and energy is relatively free. And it's clean. There is little or no reliance on power from gas or electricity to provide heat, which is one of the main uses of energy in the home. The main need for electricity to run this system is for pumps to pump the water through the system. The advantages of geothermal energy are that it is cheap, once the ground works are done, and incredibly green energy. There are no emissions from the provision of heat for the home and water.

The disadvantages of geothermal energy are the initial expense and the amount of land required. It can cost thousands to dig out the land and lay the pipes. This is one of the geothermal energy problems and why it is not widely used. Another of the disadvantages about geothermal energy is that it requires a fair sized piece of land to implement. People with a fair-sized garden will be ok, but it is not possible to install in the yard of a Victorian terrace.

One possibility that some people use is a new system where pilings are drilled into the ground, with the pipe work in the foundations. Because pilings go much deeper into the ground, they gain the distance that is required underground to heat the water. This is great for new build homes, but obviously cannot be achieved in older homes.

How Many People Use Geothermal Energy

Because of the initial costs and need for space, geothermal energy is not widely used. It is becoming more popular in single builds however, and could provide an efficient method for providing heat for buildings such as apartments and new build housing estates through district heating systems or individual heating through pipes in the pilings. Because it is so expensive, it is unlikely that house building companies will install the systems in homes in the near future. But hopefully it could become the way we provide all our heat energy needs in the future.  (ArticlesBase SC #397739)

Oil Shock Is Coming 42011

So-you're paying 20 cents a gallon more for gas today than you were a week ago. And $1.70 per gallon more than you were just 26 months ago. Ouch.

Better get used to it.

Of the 89.1 million barrels of oil the world uses every day, about 35 percent come from-uh oh-North Africa and the Middle East. And as you've probably noticed, that isn't the most stable place these days. With popular revolutions suddenly threatening and toppling governments all over that region, it's an awkward time to be a filthy rich autocrat.

It's also an awkward time for the world to be so crushingly dependent on oil.

That instability has put the uninterrupted production, refinement and shipment of our most vital commodity in serious jeopardy. As a result, the first two months of this year saw the price of oil leap about $20 a barrel. That translates into 50 cents more per gallon. That increase, if it lasted all year, would cost the world over $650 billion-more than 1 percent of global gross domestic product.

Just that 20-cent jump since last week has Americans paying over $75 million more per day to fill up than seven days ago. Anxiety over energy costs sent stocks tumbling yesterday; the Dow Jones lost a migraine-inducing 168 points in a single day.

The thing is, the tumult so far-affecting mostly Tunisia, Egypt and Libya-hasn't yet deeply hurt oil supplies. Production has been cut in half within Libya, which supplies only 2 percent of the world's oil; this past weekend, Iraq's largest oil refinery was bombed. But most of the cost increase has been because of jitteriness over what might come.

The contagion of instability in the region threatens to affect more and bigger oil exporters. Oil importers are nervously watching Algeria, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq, Iran, Nigeria, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and most of all, Saudi Arabia. Even the danger of trouble in these countries threatening supplies spikes prices. An actual disruption would wreak havoc. The impact on oil prices-and the shock to the global system-is hard to overestimate.

Today's oil markets are intricately tied together worldwide. "[B]ecause oil is traded globally, the spot price of the next barrel sold is based on minute-by-minute market prices," explains msnbc's John Schoen. "As supplies tighten, a barrel of oil is worth what the latest bidder is willing to pay for it. So no matter where the oil comes from, supply shocks ripple immediately though the global market."

Given North Africa and Mideast volatility, analysts say $120-a-barrel oil for at least a few months is sickeningly plausible. Greater disruptions, and the price could shoot to $150 or more. And right now, there's no light on the horizon. "From the straight point of view of oil price stability, things will never be as good again as they have been [before Middle Eastern and North African] governments started to wobble," Carl Weinberg, an economist at High Frequency Economics in Valhalla, N.Y., told the Globe and Mail (emphasis mine).

It is estimated that a $1-per-barrel bump in oil prices adds almost 2½ cents to the cost of a gallon of gas. When fuel costs rise, everything rises: manufacturing for petroleum-based products, transportation, shipping, construction. And every extra dollar people and businesses have to spend on oil, they don't spend on other things, which stifles growth. Estimates are that a $10 oil increase, in addition to adding 25 cents per gallon, chokes global economic growth by nearly half a percentage point.

Of course, with the world's economic condition already pretty wobbly, the effects of surging oil costs are heightened. "When oil prices spiked three years ago, the economy was coming off a long period of prosperity and consumers felt relatively strong. This rise comes after three of the most challenging years in decades for the global economy," wrote the Wall Street Journal-and that was last week, way back when gas was only $3.19.

Food prices are high and rising. Unemployment is soaring. Individual and government debt are at emergency levels; inflation and rising interest rates will only compound the problem. The U.S., Europe and Japan are all particularly at risk financially.

The unrest in North Africa and the Mideast invites us to look honestly at the startling vulnerabilities inherent in our modern energy-dependent world.

Demand continues to surge for a crucial commodity in finite supply.

The world's most powerful countries are inescapably reliant on an unchanging status quo enduring within some of the world's most unpredictable regimes.

Even modest disruptions in our fuel supplies would be devastating-and yet, frankly, they are inevitable.

The gyrations in the markets, the anxiety seizing nations all over the Earth because of the potential for oil shock, are early signs of an ugly emerging reality. Mushrooming global demand is about to collide spectacularly with volatile and inadequate supply.

The nations that need to import their energy will fall into one of two categories. On one side will be those that sputter and fail because of the energy crunch. On the other will be those that prosper because they aggressively move to secure their energy with whatever means necessary.

Looking at the impending oil crisis through the lens of biblical prophecy makes this unfolding scenario far more meaningful. Scripture speaks of an all-out world war seizing the globe in this end time, savage like nothing in history.

And it explicitly describes conditions-soon to become actuality-that without question spring from a violent, desperate war over the planet's most precious resources, including energy wealth!

The average observer of this wave of revolution sweeping the oil-producing nations of North Africa and the Middle East cannot predict where or when it will stop, or what the landscape will look like when it is over. But scriptural prophecy supplies us with extraordinary insights, revealed in advance by the Creator God, who remains actively involved in shaping events to unfold according to His design just prior to the Second Coming!

Looking at the melee of that oil-rich region today, you can actually know which of these nations will turn radical, and who will align with whom. You can know which nations will languish and which will flourish amid the coming energy crunch. You can see in advance the battle lines of the coming resource war-which powers will be involved, who will fall and who will triumph!  www.thetrumpet.com   (ArticlesBase SC #4350831)

The Impossible Democracy In Libya

In those last days, some people started to repeat that a democratic reformation is coming to Libya, and there serious steps will be taking about it; we could hear that there are supervisors coming from EU to supervise the democratic electoral boxes in Libya too.

     After the independence for more than half a century*; the Libyan state had started and couldn’t be a democratic one, and when we review the Libyan political history till now, we find that there is one defect still stand to reach the point that even someone with crazy mind could say, “It’s a democratic state.” 

      We all know there are several kinds of democracy; kingdom and republic,  those can be different in their application to the democratic rule in many ways according to their distinguish conditions, but they share one consideration which is that all the members of community are the same before the law.

      Libya has fallen into ideological dilemma which made its citizen does not know until this day, what democracy really is?

      The ideological dilemma is that old Libyan thinking, which made the king ( Idris al-Sanousi ) and his family’s members and all those who pleased them, are not ordinary people like the rest members of the Libyan community, and so during the short life of Libyan kingdom, democratic ideology could not grow in Libya.

       Then came ( Alfateh ) revolution and Libya became republic which later becomes ( Jamahiriya ), and authority, army and wealth as they claim now in people’s hand; so the Libyans become very glad that its leadership is from common people not from that holly Libyan families.

        However, what really happen after the revolution and bringing down the holly royal system, itself becomes holly-revolutionary system, so colonel ( Gaddafi ), and members of his family and all the members of his tribe are holly ones not ordinary people like the others in Libyan community.

         The Libyan becomes able to criticize Allah, but not able even to dream that he wants simply to criticize ( Gaddafi ), or a member of his family or his tribe.

          So how my friends we could be able to dream that in the coming period there is a slight possibility of democratic regime in Libya, unless all the Libyan community’s members are equal before the law, and we all know, that it is impossible for ( Gaddafi) , and his family to become an ordinary people again not as now holly ones.

           Therefore, please believe that there is no democratic system in Libya and will not be any, until the disappearance of those holly Libyan characters who make the Libyan similar to idol worshiper, although he knows it does neither harm nor use.

Abdulrazig Almansori

Tobruk – Libya

November 9 , 2004

 *     1- The Libyan kingdom from December 24 , 1951 to August 31 , 1969 .

       2- The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from September 1 , until now  .

 Note : April 14, 2008 : This article first published in Arabic at ( akhbar-libya.com ) website , and this is the first translation to English by Miss ( Zahra Ali ) .

Libyan Revolution Feb 22nd Libya Revolution News Libyan Revolution

libia wikipedia In Tripoli, the capital, residents reported seeing heavily and fighter jets and helicopter gunships rained ammunition from the skies. viale libia roma Senior Libyan officials and diplomats resigned in outrage over the attacks against civilians, maria libia bandera libia viale libia Two Libyan fighter jets landed in Malta on Monday. The pilots reported that they had been ordered to bomb Libya's second-largest city, Benghazi, the cradle of the six-day-old uprising. But the pilots chose to defect instead.

capital de libia libano capital libia argelia la libia
rts that Gaddafi had fled his country grew to the point that he made a bizarre appearance on state television in the early hours of Tuesday. As rain fell in Tripoli, he appeared getting out of a car, gripping an umbrella. "I am in Tripoli, and not in Venezuela," he said during the brief appearance.

Earlier, there were street celebrations in Benghazi, where anti-government demonstrators had reportedly taken control of the city from the Libyan security forces. Even there, buildings smoldered, plumes of black smoke rising to the sky. Sirens from ambulances melded with the sound of gun battles throughout the day.

It was impossible to verify the scope or precise details of the events unfolding in Libya, an oil-rich North African nation. Foreign journalists have been denied visas, and Internet access, phone service and other forms of communications have been largely cut. But in interviews with Libyan residents, exiles, diplomats, as well as in videos posted online, a picture emerged of a nation in the throes of the bloodiest revolution to so far emerge from the populist upheavals sweeping across the Middle East and North Africa. (ArticlesBase SC #4286986)

A Brief History Of The Drill

Drills with a percussive action (such as hammer drills, jackhammers or pneumatic drills) are usually used in hard materials such as masonry or rock. The drill bit is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill, and is pressed against the target material and rotated. The earliest drills were probably bow drills. The hammer drill is similar to a standard electric drill, with the exception that it is provided with a hammer action for drilling masonry.

Types of Drill

A drill press (also known as pedestal drill, pillar drill, or bench drill) is a fixed style of drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor or workbench. A radial arm drill is a geared head drill that can be moved away from its column along an arm that radiates from the column. The other end of the drill bit, the shank, is described in the drill bit shank article I wrote last week. Low spiral drills are used in cutting applications where high cutting speeds are traditionally used, and where the material has a tendency to gall on the drill or otherwise clog the hole, such as aluminum or copper. The drills have an extremely fast cutting tool geometry: no point angle and a large (considering the flat cutting edge) lip angle causes the edges to take a very aggressive cut with relatively little point pressure. The flutes of the drill bit body carry away the dust.

Drilling

Slower speeds are also necessary for things such as polishing, finishing, and soft tissue drilling,so dental drills are typically equipped with secondary motors. Today's giant drilling trucks use steel cable, longsteel bits weighing up to several thousand pounds, and have rugged diesel engines which raise and lower the tools quickly andeasily--so that two men can drill hundreds of feet by themselves in a matter of days.

Tool Bits

Introduced by Unibit Corporation in the 1980s (formerly a subsidiary of Petersen Manufacturing Company and now part of Irwin Industrial Tools), step bits have been copied by other manufacturers since the patent expired. This is ideal for a bit for a hand tool. You never lose them, either - that DeWalt yellow shouts at you from across the room, across the lot or from under a pile of tools and offcuts.


Cordless Drills

For projects around my house it has plenty of power although, like every other cordless tool I have used, it needs a little more time drilling/driving through hard wood. The modern day CableTool drill uses the same technique as the percussion drill, but in much larger sizes. But the hand powered percussion drill, which was used to make the first wells in Asia, Europe, and the United States, is a time-tested tool that is easy to build and inexpensive to maintain.

Dewalt

You can see from this what DeWalt 18V drill-drivers have done and can do, and still I have not had the slightest problem, though they look pretty beat up now. The Dewalt DC925KB is a powerful 18 Volt combination power tool for heavy duty hammerdrilling and screwdriving applications. This review will help you decide which DeWalt 18volt tools to use for every situation. We deal with high-quality, popular brand names, which you've come to trust like DeWalt, Bosch, Ingersoll-Rand, and Chicago Pneumatic. The DeWalt cordless hammer drill comes in a half-inch size, offering plenty of power, an affordable price, and features worth the purchase. Well, trials showed that the DeWalt drill worked faster than Milwaukee's drills, and the battery lasted longer than other brand models. The DeWalt cordless hammer drill comes with two 36-volt batteries, a one-hour charger and a heavy-duty kit box. Now I have a whole lot of DeWalt HD 18V tools, because these two drill-drivers performed so well I was not afraid to buy into a lot of tools in the same line. (ArticlesBase SC #221172)

What Does Oil Drilling Entail?

Oil drilling can be a risky venture, but not if it is tackled the right way. It is also an expensive endeavor. The costs associated with oil and gas drilling can begin at a minimum of $400,000. Most oil wells also produce some amount of gas. The first ever oil wells are believed to have been sunk in China. Oil and gas drilling usually is completed in stages, such as planning the process, drilling the well, completing the well, producing crude oil, and, eventually, abandonment of the well after it has served its purpose. Energy Exploration, Inc. is trying to bring about innovation in the field of energy investments and is on the lookout for serious investors. Investing in energy exploration can prove to be a very lucrative venture in the long term.

Besides making a profit from the discovery of natural gas or oil, there are many tax advantages available to people who are involved in oil investments or gas investments. This is because the government recognizes the potential benefits associated with discovering new forms of energy. These include Congressional incentives, intangible drilling costs tax deductions, and alternative minimum taxes. The intangible drilling costs deduction can even mean that a substantial portion of the investment may be 100 percent deductible. The tax benefits differ for each individual, and consulting with your tax advisor will help you calculate the exemptions you can benefit from by investing. For example, a person in the tax bracket of 35 percent may claim up to an 80 percent deduction on an initial investment of $100,000. Energy Exploration, Inc. is focusing on drilling re-entry wells with proven resources to up the benefits to its investors. They are working toward establishing long-term investment relationships with prospective investors.

Choosing to rejuvenate old oil wells by using new means of technologies is catching on amongst oil exploring companies. These wells, which are known as re-entry wells, first have to be identified by experts from among different wells that are declining in terms of production. The re-entry process in itself is not a new one. In fact, it has been used by oil companies since the 1950s for various reasons.

Re-entry drilling systems can be of two types-conventional drilling or coiled tube drilling (CTD). The method used will depend on various factors, including the location of the well and the possible resources that it has left. Sidetracks are the chosen method for re-entering a well. This involves using conventional drilling fluids. Oil base mud systems and air drilling systems are the different types of options available for the purpose. If all factors involved are not considered fully, the chances of a successful operation are further weakened. Oklahoma and Arizona are believed to have a number of wells that are suitable for re-entry purposes. The staff at Energy Exploration, Inc. are qualified to help you understand what investing in Energy Exploration, Inc means to you and for the company. Their goal is to pursue projects that have at least a 90 percent success rate.  (ArticlesBase SC #3824785)